Publications

Elman, J.L., & McRae, K. (under review). A model of event knowledge.

Elman, J.L., & McRae, K. (2017). A model of event knowledge. In G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. J. Davelaar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 337-342). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version PDF.

Borovsky, A., Ellis, E.M., Evans, J.L., & Elman, J.L. (2016). Semantic structure in vocabulary knowledge interacts with lexical and sentence processing in infancy. Child Development, 87, 1893-1908. [doi: 10.1111/cdev.12554] Adobe PDF version PDF.

Metusalem, R., Kutas, M., Urbach, T.P., & Elman, J.L. (2016). Hemispheric asymmetry in event knowledge activation during incremental language comprehension: A visual half-field ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 84, 252-271. [doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.004] Adobe PDF version PDF.

Borovsky, A., Ellis, E.M., Evans, J.L., & Elman, J.L. (2016). Lexical leverage: Category knowledge boosts real-time novel word recognition in 2-year-olds. Developmental Science, 19, 918-932. [doi: 10.1111/desc.1234] Adobe PDF version.

Ellis, E.M., Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Evans, J.L. (2015). Novel Word Learning: An Eye-Tracking Study Are 18-Month-Old Late Talkers Really Different from their Typical Peers? Journal of Communication Disorders, 58, 143-157. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2014). Systematicity in the lexicon: On having your cake and eating it too. In P. Calvo and J. Symons (Eds.) . The Architecture of Cognition: Rethinking Fodor and Pylyshyn’s Systematicity Challenge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 115-145. Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., Sweeney, K., & Elman, J.L. (2014). Real-time interpretation of novel events across childhood. Journal of Memory and Language, 73, 1-14. [doi: 10.1016/jml.2014.02.001] Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., Burns, E., Elman, J.L., & Evans, J.L. (2013). Lexical activation during sentence comprehension in adolescents with history of Specific Language Impairment. Journal of Communication Disorders, 46, 413-427. [doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.09.001] Adobe PDF version.

Travis, K.E., Curran, M.M., Torres, C., Leonard, M.K., Brown, T.T., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgren, E. (2013). Age-related changes in tissue signal properties within cortical areas important for word understanding in 12-19 month old infants. Cerebral Cortex. [doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs228] Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Kutas, M. (2013). Getting it right: Word learning across the hemispheres. Neuropsychologia, 51, 825-837. [doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.027] [PMID: 23416731] Adobe PDF version.

Travis, K.E., Leonard, M.K., Chan, A.M., Torres, C., Sizemore, M.L., Qu, Z., Eskandar, E., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., Cash, S.S., & Halgren, E. (2013). Independence of early speech processing from word meaning. Cerebral Cortex, 23, 2370-2379. [doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs228] Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Fernald, A. (2012). Knowing a lot for one’s age: Vocabulary skill and not age is associated with anticipatory incremental sentence interpretation in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112, 417-436. [doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.01.005] Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Kutas, M. (2012). Once is enough: N400 indexes semantic integration of novel word meanings from a single exposure in context. Language Learning and Development. [doi:10.1080/15475441.2011.614893] Adobe PDF version.

Metusalem, R., Kutas, M., Urbach, T., Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J.L. (2012). Generalized event knowledge activation during online sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language. [doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.01.001] Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2011). Lexical knowledge without a mental lexicon? The Mental Lexicon, 60, 1-33. [doi:10.1075/ml.6.1.01elm] Adobe PDF version.

Leonard, M.K., Torres, C., Travis, K.E., Brown, T.T., Hagler, D.J., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgret, E. (2011). Language proficiency modulates the recruitment of non-classical language areas in bilinguals. PLoS ONE 6(3): e18240. [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018240] Adobe PDF version.

Matsuki, K., Chow, T., Hare, M., Elman, J.L., Scheepers, C., & McRae, K. (2011). Event-based plausibility immediately influences on-line language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 37, 913-934. [doi:10.1037/a0022964] Adobe PDF version.

Travis, K.E., Leonard, M.K., Brown, T.T., Hagler, D.J., Curran, M., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgren, E. (2011). Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of word understanding in 12-18 month old infants. Cerebral Cortex. [doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq259] Adobe PDF version.

Bicknell, K., Elman, J. L., Hare, M., McRae, K., & Kutas, M. (2010). Effects of event knowledge in processing verbal arguments. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 489–505. [doi:10.1016/j.jml.2010.08.004] Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., Kutas, M. & Elman, J. Learning to use words: Event-related potentials index single-shot word learning Cognition, 116, 289-296. [doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.004] Adobe PDF version.

Leonard, M.K., Brown, T.T., Travis, K.E., Gharapetian, L. Hagler, D.J., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgren, E. (2010). Spatiotemporal dynamics of bilingual word processing. NeuroImage. [doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.009] Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J. L. (2009). On the meaning of words and dionosaur bones: Lexical knowledge without a lexicon. Cognitive Science, 33, 1-36. [doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01023.x] Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J. L. (2008). The shape bias: An important piece in a bigger puzzle. Developmental Science, 11, 219-222.Adobe PDF version.

Sibley, D.E., Kello, C.T., Plaut, D.C., & Elman, J. L. (2008). Large-scale modeling of wordform learning and representation. Cognitive Science, 32, 741-754. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J. L. (2008). The shape bias: An important piece in a bigger puzzle. Developmental Science, 11, 219-222.Adobe PDF version.

Kehler, A., Kertz, L., Rohde, H., & Elman, J.L. (2008). Coherence and coreference revisited. Journal of Semantics, 25, 1-44. Adobe PDF version.

Huang, M-X., Saong, T., Hagler, D.J., Podgorny, I., Jousmaki, V., Cui, L., Gaa, K., Harrington, D.L., Dale, A.M., Lee, R.R., Elman, J., & Halgren, E. (2007). A novel integrated MEG and EEG analysis method for dipolar sources. Neuroimage, 37, 731-748. [doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.06.002]Adobe PDF version.

Lewis, J.D., & Elman, J.L. (2008). Growth-related neural reorganization and the autism phenotype: A test of the hypothesis that altered brain growth leads to altered connectivity. Developmental Science, 11, 135-155. Adobe PDF version.

Borovsky, A., & Elman, J.L. (2006). Language input and semantic categories: A relation between cognition and early word learning. Journal of Child Language, 33, 759-790. Adobe PDF version.

Kertz, L., Kehler, A., & Elman, J.L. (2006). Grammatical and coherence-based factors in pronoun interpretation. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version.

Rohde, H., Kehler, A., & Elman, J.L. (2006). Event structure and discourse coherence biases in pronoun interpretation. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version.

Shieh, D.X., & Elman, J.L. (2006). The Divergent-Reconvergent model of serial order encoding and retrieval. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version.

Roland, D., Elman, J.L., & Ferreira, V.S. (2006). Why is that? Structural prediction and ambiguity resolution in a very large corpus of English sentences.Cognition, 98, 245-272. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2006). Computational approaches to language acquisition. In K. Brown (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, Second Edition, volume 2, pp. 726-732. Oxford: Elsevier. Adobe PDF version.

McRae, K., Hare, M., Elman, J.L., & Ferretti, T. (2006). A basis for generating expectancies for verbs from nouns. Memory and Cognition, 33, 1174-1184. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2005). Connectionist models of cognitive development: Where next? Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, 111-117. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2004). An alternative view of the mental lexicon. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 301-306 Adobe PDF version.

Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J.L. (2004). Admitting that admitting verb sense into corpus analyses makes sense. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 181-224.Adobe PDF  version.

Elman, J., Hare, M., & McRae, K. (2004). Cues, constraints, and competition in sentence processing. In M. Tomasello and D. Slobin (Eds.) Beyond Nature-Nurtur: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Bates. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Elman, J.L. (2003). Generalization from sparse input. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2003). Development: It’s about time. Developmental Science, 6, 430-433. Adobe PDF version.

Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J.L. (2003). Sense and structure: Meaning as a determinant of verb subcategorization preferences.Journal of Memory and Language, 48, 281-303.Adobe PDF version.

Bates, E.A., & Elman, J.L. (2002). Connectionism and the study of change. In Mark Johnson (Ed.), Brain development and cognition: A reader (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Adobe PDF version.

Lewis, J.D., & Elman, J.L. (2001). Learnability and the statistical structure of language: Poverty of stimulus arguments revisted.Proceedings of the 26thAnnual Boston University Conference on Language Development.Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (2001). Connectionism and language acquisition. In M. Tomasello & E. Bates (Eds.), Essential Readings in Language Acquisition.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Adobe PDF version.

Morris W.C., Cottrell, G.W., & Elman, J.L. (2000). A connectionist simulation of the empirical acquisition of grammatical relations. In Stefan Wermter and Run Sun (Eds.) Hybrid Neural Symbolic Integration. Springer Verlag. Adobe PDF version.

Rodriguez, P. & Elman, J.L. (1999). Watching the transients: Viewing a simple recurrent network as a limited counter. Biometrika, 26, 51-74. Adobe PDF version.

Rodriguez P., Wiles, J., & Elman, J.L. (1999). A recurrent neural network that learns to count. Connection Science, 11, 5-40. Adobe PDF version.

Seidenberg, M., & Elman, J.L. (1999). Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics? Letter to Science commenting on Marcus et al., 1999.Science, 284, April 16, 1999; p 433. HTML

Seidenberg, M., & Elman, J.L. (1999). Networks are not ‘hidden rules’. Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 288-289. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (1999). The emergence of language: A conspiracy theory. In B. MacWhinney (Ed.) Emergence of Language. Hillsdale, NJ: LawrenceEarlbaum Associates. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (1998). Generalization, simple recurrent networks, and the emergence of structure. In M.A. Gernsbacher and S.J. Derry (Eds.) Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J. L. (1998). Connectionism, artificial life, and dynamical systems: New approaches to old questions. In W. Bechtel and G. Graham (Eds.) A Companion to Cognitive Science. Oxford: Basil Blackwood. Adobe PDF version.

Karmiloff-Smith, A., Plunkett, K., Johnson, M.H., Elman, J.L., & Bates, E.A. (1998). What does it mean to claim that something is ‘Innate’? Mind & Language, 13:4, 588-597. Adobe PDF version.

Bates, E. Elman, J., Johnson, M., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Parisi, D., & Plunkett, K. (1998). Innateness and emergentism. In W. Bechtel and G. Graham (Eds.) A Companion to Cognitive Science. Oxford: Basil Blackwood. Adobe PDF version.

Bates, E., & Elman, J.L. (1997). Learning rediscovered: A perspective on Saffran, Aslin, and Newport. Adobe PDF version; see also subsequent letters to Science in reply.

Elman, J. L., Bates, E.A., Johnson, M., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Parisi, D., & Plunkett, K. (1996). Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Plunkett, K., & Elman, J.L. (1996). Rethinking Innateness: A Handbook for Connectionist SImulations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Elman, J.L. (1995). Language as a dyncamical system. In R. Port & T. van Gelder (Eds.), Mind as Motion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Adobe PDF version.

Wiles, J., & Elman, J. L. (1995). Learning to count without a counter: A case study of dynamics and activation landscapes in recurrent networks.Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Adobe PDF version.

Hare, M. Elman, J.L. , & Daugherty, K.G. (1995) Default generalization in connectionist networks. Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 601-630.Adobe PDF version.

Hare, M., & Elman, J.L. (1995). Learning and morphological change. Cognition, 56, 61-98. Adobe PDF version.

Nolfi, S., Elman, J.L., & Parisi, D. (1994). Learning and evolution in neural networks. Adaptive Behavior, 3:1, 5-28. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (1993). Learning and development in neural networks: The importance of starting small. Cognition, 48, 71-99. Adobe PDF version.

Weckerly, J., & Elman, J.L. (1992). A PDP approach to processing center-embedded sentences. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J. L. (1991). Distributed representations, simple recurrent networks, and grammatical structure. Machine Learning, 7, 195-224. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J.L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211. Adobe PDF version;   [An earlier version of this paper appeared as CRL Technical Report 8801. That TR is no longer available and has been superseded by the published version.]

Elman, J. L., & McClelland, J. L. (1988). Cognitive penetration of the mechanisms of perception: Compensation for coarticulation of lexically restored phonemes. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 143-165. Adobe PDF version.

Elman, J. L., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Exploiting the lawful variability in the speech wave. In J. S. Perkell and D. H. Klatt (Eds.), Invariance and variability of speech processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Adobe PDF version.

McClelland, J.L., & Elman, J.L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1-86. Adobe PDF version.

For other papers, email me directly.